tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-48840923627097637322024-03-04T20:43:16.851-08:00অমর চাঁদ নাথ বলছি ....মাত্র কয়েক মিনিট সময় নষ্ট করবেন ?Amar Chand Nathhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06283439384667990150noreply@blogger.comBlogger5125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4884092362709763732.post-21259732446537889922015-03-05T16:14:00.001-08:002015-05-19T18:53:11.234-07:00JACKFRUIT PLANTATION IN COCHABAMBA, BOLIVIA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A
Proposal<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Name
of the Project<b>: Indo-Bangla Jackfruit
Garden, Cochabamba.</b><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Responsible
person: Shamoly Rani Nath.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Location
of the Project: Cochabamba, Bolivia.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Goal
of the Project: To plant jackfruit and sell them in local and international
market.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Introduction
to Jackfruit: an overview- Enclosed below.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Any
previous similar Project: Another jackfruit gardening project in Kulaura,
Moulvibazar, Bangladesh is already running and is producing satisfactory
jackfruits. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Number
of people will work: Minimum 15 (fifteen) people in various sections initially.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Requisite
funds: Funding will be done from Bangladesh personally.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">International
market: Jackfruit has a high demand in rich countries like USA, Australia and
all European countries. If properly produced, it can be exported in all Latin
and Central American countries easily. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Why
Cochabamba? : Cochabamba is a place where all requisites for planting
Jackfruits are present. It is the place where a good rainfall is available. The
land is hilly and water is not supposed to stand. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">My
relation with jackfruit : I am from such a country where Jackfruit is the
National fruit. I have been familiar with this fruit since my birth. Moreover,
I am involved with similar garden in Bangladesh.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Departments
who are expected to assist me: a) Ministry of Agriculture b) Ministry of Land c) Ministry of Labour and d) Department of
Security. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 85.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Conclusion: I strongly hope that the above mentioned
Ministries will be generous to materialize my plan and would allow me to let
everyone taste the sweet fruit. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CL;">INTRODUCTION
TO JACKFRUIT - AN OVERVIEW:<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 200%;">Jackfruit is the National fruit of Bangladesh and is native to
</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Thailand, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. </span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Jackfruit
grows on trees and is oval shaped. They have a thick and prickly green skin.
When the jackfruit is opened one finds the round fruits contained in 'pockets'
in a fibrous interior. The flesh is pale yellow and tastes sweet and has a
sweet odor. The seeds are also edible and taste similar to chestnuts. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 200%;">Jackfruit is the largest tree-borne fruit in the world,
reaching 80 pounds in weight and up to 36 inches long and
20 inches in diameter. The exterior of the compound fruit is green or
yellow when ripe. The interior consists of large edible bulbs of yellow,
banana-flavored flesh that encloses a smooth, oval, light-brown seed. The seed is
3/4 to 1-1/2 inches long and 1/2 to 3/4 inches thick and is white and
crisp within. There may be 100 or up to 500 seeds in a single fruit, which
are viable for no more than three or four days. When fully ripe, the unopened
jackfruit emits a strong disagreeable odor, resembling that of decayed onions,
while the pulp of the opened fruit smells of pineapple and banana.</span><br />
<b style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">Varieties:</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 200%;">Jackfruit
belong to the Artocarpus family, or the same family as the breadfruit made
famous by Captain Bligh. The main species is the A. heterophylla. According to
Purdue University, the origin of the jackfruit isn't known--the plants are
widely distributed throughout tropical Asia and Bangladesh and India, where
they have been in cultivation for hundreds of years. Because this is a
commercially important plant, jackfruit have been extensively hybridized over
the years. Growers have worked to encourage traits like early fruiting,
late-season fruiting, large fruit, small fruit, and sweeter fruit.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Adaptation:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Jackfruit is
adapted to humid tropical and near-tropical climates. Mature trees have
survived temperatures of about 27° F but these were frozen to large limbs.
Young trees are likely to be killed at temperatures below 32° F. Unlike
its relative, the breadfruit, the jackfruit is not injured by cool weather
several degrees above freezing.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Soil:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The jackfruit
flourishes in rich, deep soil of medium or open texture. Planting on top of an
old compost heap would be ideal. The faster one can force a tropical plant to
grow, the better the chance of keeping it alive. The tree needs the best
drainage and cannot tolerate "wet feet".</span></span><br />
<b style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 200%;">How to plant
Jackfruit:</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">1.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><strong style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Plant
Propagation.</strong><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">The use of
seeds is generally preferred because vegetative propagation is quite difficult.
However, trees may not exhibit the characters of the parent plant, take longer
time to start flowering, and are generally tall.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 200%;">The seeds should be collected from
healthy, mature plants which are prolific producers of fruits with desirable
characteristics. Only large seeds are used. Immediately after extraction from
the fruit, the seeds are washed in water to remove the slimy coating around the
seeds. The horny part of the pericarp is also removed to hasten germination.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">As a general rule, the seeds are sown
immediately without drying because they are recalcitrant</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> If not possible, however, the seeds can be
stored in air-tight plastic containers at 20 C to maintain their viability for
about 3 months. In sowing, the seeds are laid flat or with their hilum facing
downward. Germination should begin within 10 days. It is expected that 80-100%
of the seeds will have germinated within 35 to 40 days after sowing.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 200%;">Growing jackfruit can also be started
through vegetative propagation using stem cuttings and by air layering or
marcotting. However, special techniques are necessary, including the use of
rooting hormones at the right concentrations. The Forkert method or patch
budding as well as cleft grafting and wedge grafting likewise proved
successful.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 200%;">In Thailand, suckle grafting is
extensively applied in growing jackfruit. It is a form of inarching in which
young potted rootstocks are decapitated and inserted in twigs of the mother
trees.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">2.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><strong style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Land
Preparation and Holing.</strong><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Just
like other crops, proper land preparation is important in growing jackfruit. In
sloping lands or where only a few trees are to be planted, land preparation
involves the slashing of the vegetation and round weeding of the immediate
peripheries of the hills. If a large number of trees is to be planted, it is
best to prepare the land thoroughly by plowing. Holes are then dug 0.5-1 meter
deep and wide. To ensure supply of nutrients, this will be refilled with
topsoil mixed with 1/3 proportion of compost. If raw manure is used or any
organic substrate, planting should be delayed for at least 15 days to allow
decomposition.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">3.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><strong style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Planting.</strong><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Field planting can be done by direct
seeding or by transplanting using nursery grown potted seedlings. Potted
seedlings should be outplanted usually before they are one year old or before
the roots leak out of the pot because the seedlings are sensitive to root
disturbance. Bareroot transplanting is inapplicable to jackfruit.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 200%;">Jackfruit can be planted with a
spacing of 8-12 meters in square, rectangular or triangular pattern. This is
equivalent to a population density of about 70 to 156 plants per hectare (28-63
plants per acre) in the square system and 80 to 180 per hectare (32-72 per
acre) in the triangular or hexagonal system.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 200%;">The exact population, however, can
only be determined by preparing a planting lay-out plan showing the positions
of the hills, plant-to-plant spacing, and the distances of rows to the
boundaries. This lay-out plan is similar to a construction blueprint which
should be made before actually starting the farm activities in growing
jackfruit.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">4.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><strong style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Fertilizing.</strong><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Fertilizer application is always a
component of growing jackfruit or any crop on a continuing basis. Farm manures
are applied in increasing doses from 10 to 30 kg per year as the tree matures.
To ensure maximum yields of fruiting trees, complete fertilizer is applied at
the rate of 1-3 kg per tree per year. Addition of muriate of potash is also
generally recommended for fruiting trees. The rate is split into two equal
doses, the first application preferably during the onset and the second just
before the end of the rainy season. If irrigation is available, fertilizer
application can be programmed every 6 months.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">5.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><strong style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Watering.</strong><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Regular watering should be done,
unless rainfall is sufficient, from planting until the seedlings are fully
established. Sufficient water is likewise needed during dry months when the
trees are in the flower bloom and fruit development stages.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">6.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><strong style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Weeding
and Mulching.</strong><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Ring
weeding is practiced to keep the immediate periphery of the tree free of weeds.
This operation is a regular necessity in growing jackfruit at least during the
first 3 to 4 years after planting. The weeds can be piled around the tree to
serve as mulch which will conserve moisture and prevent the germination of weed
seeds.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">7.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><strong style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Pruning.</strong><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">The height of jackfruit, especially
those raised from seed, can be regulated by cutting the main trunk about 2-3
meters from the ground. Early cutback of the main trunk can also be done to
induce production of branches, allowing 4 or 5 branches to develop which are
evenly distributed when viewed from the top. Properly trained, jackfruit grows
with an open center which allows better light penetration.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 200%;">Weak, dead, diseased and overlapping
branches should be removed. This is to promote light penetration and air
movement, and to prevent build up of insect pests and disease pathogen
population. Branches are also removed if they hinder access to the fruits
during wrapping and harvesting.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">8.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><strong style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Intercropping.</strong><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">It is desirable that the spaces
between the rows of the jackfruit trees are cultivated and used for the
production of either annual or perennial</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><a href="http://www.cropsreview.com/crop-rotation.html" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"><span style="color: windowtext;">intercrops</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">or both. Examples of such intercrops
are citrus, banana, pineapple, corn, peanut (groundnut) and other pulses,
spices and vegetables. This will maximize farm productivity in addition to the
benefits of proper weed control management. If not, leguminous</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><a href="http://cropsreview.com/cover-crops.html" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"><span style="color: windowtext;">cover
crops</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">can be seeded.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">9.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><strong style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Insect
Pest and Disease Control.</strong><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">It
is important that one who engages in growing jackfruit should also be familiar
with pests and diseases that affect the crop. The two major pests of jackfruit
are the shoot and fruit borer (</span><em style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Diaphania caesalis</em><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">) and the brown bud
weevil (</span><em style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Ochyromera artocarpi</em><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">). Caterpillars of the shoot borer tunnel
into buds, young shoots and fruit. The grubs of the bud weevil bore into young
buds and fruits while the adults feed on the leaves. To prevent damage, the
fruits are wrapped with plastic bags when still young. Fallen, overripe and
damaged fruits should be collected and buried under ground.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Blossom rot, also called fruit rot and
stem rot, is a serious disease caused by the fungus</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><em style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Rhizopus artocarpi</em><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">. It may
lead to 15-32% crop losses. The disease affects the inflorescences or the tips
of the flowering shoots. The inflorescences turn black, rot and drop. Another
disease is the pink disease, also called pink limb blight, caused by the fungus</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><em style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Corticium salmonicolor</em><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">. This
disease infects many farm crops, including rubber, citrus, mango, durian,
coffee and cacao. Control measures include thorough collection and disposal of
the affected parts and fallen fruits.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">10.</span><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><strong style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Harvesting.</strong><span class="apple-converted-space" style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;">Young fruits can be harvested for
vegetable 2-3 months after fruit set or when the seeds are hardened. For mature
fruits, selection is based on the following indices: (1) hollow sound when the
fruit is tapped; (2) change in the color of the skin from pale green to
greenish-yellow or brownish-yellow; (3) emission of a strong aroma; and (4)
flattening of the spines with wider spaces. The stalk (peduncle) of the fruit
should be cut with a sharp knife and the fruit is gently lowered to the ground.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 200%;"> </span><b style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CL;">Health benefits of jackfruit</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 200%;">100 g of edible jackfruit bulbs provide 95
calories. The fruit is made of soft, easily digestible flesh (bulbs) with
simple sugars like fructose and sucrose that when eaten replenishes energy
and revitalizes the body instantly.</span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">Jackfruit is rich in dietary fiber, which
makes it a good bulk laxative. The fiber content helps protect the colon
mucous membrane by binding to and eliminating cancer-causing
chemicals from the colon.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">Fresh fruit has small amounts of </span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">vitamin-A</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">, and flavonoid pigments
such as </span><i style="background-color: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">carotene-ß, xanthin, lutein and cryptoxanthin-ß.</i><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"> Together,
these compounds play vital roles in antioxidant and vision functions.
Vitamin A is also required for maintaining integrity of mucus membranes
and skin. Consumption of natural fruits rich in vitamin-A, and carotenes
has been found to protect from lung and oral cavity cancers.</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">Additionally, jackfruit is a good source of
antioxidant vitamin-C, provides about 13.7 mg or 23% of RDA. Consumption
of foods rich in vitamin C helps the body develop resistance against
infectious agents and scavenge harmful free radicals.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">It is one of the rare fruits that is rich in
B-complex group of vitamins. It contains very good amounts of vitamin B-6
(pyridoxine), niacin, riboflavin, and folic acid.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">Fresh fruit is a good source of potassium,
magnesium, manganese, and iron. Potassium is an important component of
cell and body fluids that helps controlling heart rate and blood pressure.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"> </span><b style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CL;">Jackfruit seeds</span></b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">Jackfruit seeds are indeed very rich in digestible starch, protein and
minerals. In general, the seeds are gathered from the ripe fruit during summer,
sun-dried and stored for use in rainy season in many parts of South Indian
states. Again, in these areas, jackfruit seeds can be employed in variety of
recipes where they generally are eaten either by roasting as a snack or added
to stews (curries) in place of lentils.</span><br />
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="Bosc"><b><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CL;">Benefits
of Jackfruit Seeds</span></u></b></a><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CL;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CL;">The seeds have around 135 kcal/ 100 gms. It is a
rich source of complex carbohydrate, dietary fiber, vitamins like vitamin A,
C and certain B vitamins, and minerals like calcium, zinc, and phosphorous
with high nutrition benefit in a seed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.fruitsinfo.com/jack%20fruit-health-benefits-nutrition-values.php"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CL;">Jackfruit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CL;"> seed contain lignans, isoflavones,
saponins, that are called phytonutrients and their health benefits are
wide-ranging from anti-cancer to antihypertensive, anti-ageing, antioxidant, anti-ulcer,
etc.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CL;">Boiled Jackfruit seeds are very tasty and
nutritious snacks to eat. Jackfruit seeds, which always taste like chestnuts
which appeal to all tastes, may be boiled or roasted and eaten, or boiled and
preserved in syrup like chestnuts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<li><table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; margin-left: -0.5pt; width: 100%px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 28.25pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="height: 28.25pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 99.32%;" width="99%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.fruitsinfo.com/Jackfruit.php" title="Tree-of-Jackfruit"><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CL;">Tree of Jackfruit</span></b></a><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CL;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CL;">Jack Fruit Tree is a very large and evergreen
tree in Bangladesh and India Known as 'Artocarpus Heterophylla' Botanically,
the jackfruit tree possess one of the most popular and most important fruit
of Bangladesh, a little after the Mango and the Plantain varieties. The tree
has come from the `Moraceae` family. The Bengali people know the tree in the
name of 'Katthal'.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CL;">The tree has a solid crown of dark green leaves
and the fruits hang from the branches, from the trunk and even on the roots
of older trees. They look like massive and unattractive vermin. Some of the
fruit trees are widely grown in other country in less amount. Dependent upon
the soil conditions the fruits are grown in some place of the country. It
grows high and spreads well in the sandy soil.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CL;">The leaves of the 'Jackfruit
Tree', grow in close clusters at the ends of the branchlets alternating each
other. They are large, thick and tough and in rectangular shape. They also
have a rounded end and they point towards the short stalk.</span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CL;">Photos
of Bangladeshi Jackfruit consultants:<o:p></o:p></span></u></b><br />
<b><u><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ES-CL;"><br /></span></u></b>
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Amar Chand Nathhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06283439384667990150noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4884092362709763732.post-26837575054567846232014-12-05T16:11:00.005-08:002014-12-05T16:11:45.214-08:00bangla writing testing only...<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Amar Chand Nathhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06283439384667990150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4884092362709763732.post-22386691711645815222012-05-02T12:33:00.000-07:002012-05-02T12:33:04.107-07:00My Father: the greatest man in my life<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
If greatness ........................ </div>Amar Chand Nathhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06283439384667990150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4884092362709763732.post-5404346250324984852012-03-13T14:57:00.001-07:002014-12-05T15:09:51.958-08:00আমার শিশু কাল<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-size: 100%;">It was the auspicious day of November 1, 1969. I came down to this lovely earth. I added myself to the population of Bangladesh. The place where I was born is village: Gulua, Post office: Dasher Bazar, District: Moulvibazar (Sylhet). I hardly remember my very early days and events of my life. I can guess that I was being brought up with extreme care and love by my parents though not with luxury and abundance. My father was poor because he was a “teacher” in Bangladesh. He served as a “Head Master” in a Govt. Primary school. With his very scanty income, it was quite difficult for him to provide all necessities for the entire family including my two cousins whose parents expired during their infancy.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 100%;">I remember very clearly the days in my primary school. I studied in Gulua Govt. Primary School- just one km away from our house. I never stood second in the classes. I got scholarship in class five and was promoted to class six. I went to Dasher Bazar High School with “full pant and full shirt” for the first time.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 100%;">In my high school I always preserved my first position upto class ten. I took the science group in class nine. I got first division in Secondary School Certificate</span><span style="font-size: 100%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 100%;">(SSC) Exam held in 1985. I remember that this was the first 1</span><sup>st</sup><span style="font-size: 100%;"> division in that school. I could please the hearts of my relatives and my local people. The school authority offered me a grand reception. I was so grateful to all concerned. Ah!! I have become so emotional that I have forgotten to write about the most pathetic incident of my life. On Thursday 6:05 pm 24</span><sup>th</sup><span style="font-size: 100%;"> February 1984, I lost my beloved father. I always heard that my father spoke with other people that he wanted me to become GREAT in this world. But with the irony of fate that in the reception ceremony, my father could not join. Many of the elites were my father´s ex-students. In nostalgia, they spoke highly of my father.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 100%;">Even now, I deeply feel the lovely touch of my father. Dear visitors, I am so sorry that I can´t write any more today. My pen blocks. Please let me meditate upon the memory of my late father. Bye. </span></div>
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এটা আমি এই সুন্দর পৃথিবীতে এসেছিলেন নিচে নভেম্বর 1, 1969 এর সুপ্রসন্ন দিন. আমি বাংলাদেশের জনসংখ্যা নিজেকে এখনো যোগ করেনি. গুলুয়া আমার খুব প্রথম দিন এবং আমার জীবনের ঘটনা মনে. আমি না যদিও বিলাসিতা এবং প্রাচুর্য আমার বাবা দ্বারা চরম যত্ন এবং ভালবাসা দিয়ে আনা হয়েছিল অনুমান করতে পারেন. তিনি বাংলাদেশের একটি "শিক্ষক" ছিল, কারণ আমার বাবা দরিদ্র ছিল. তিনি একটি সরকার একটি "হেড মাস্টার" হিসাবে দায়িত্ব পালন করেন. প্রাথমিক স্কুল. তাকে যার বাবা তাদের শৈশব সময় মেয়াদ শেষ হয়ে আমার দুই ভাই সহ সমগ্র পরিবারের জন্য সমস্ত প্রয়োজনীয় প্রদান করার জন্য তার খুব অত্যল্প আয়, এটা বেশ কঠিন ছিল.</div>
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আমি আমার প্রাথমিক স্কুলে দিন খুব স্পষ্ট মনে রাখবেন. আমি গুলুয়া সরকার চর্চিত. প্রাথমিক বিদ্যালয়- দূরে আমাদের বাড়িতে থেকে মাত্র এক কিলোমিটার. আমি ক্লাস দ্বিতীয় দাঁড়িয়ে না. আমি ক্লাস পাঁচটি বৃত্তি পেয়েছিলাম এবং ক্লাস ছয় উন্নীত করা হয়. আমি প্রথমবার "পূর্ণ হাঁফান এবং পূর্ণ শার্ট" সঙ্গে তেজস্বী বাজার উচ্চ বিদ্যালয় গিয়েছিলাম.</div>
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আমার উচ্চ বিদ্যালয় আমি সবসময় বর্গ দশ পর্যন্ত আমার প্রথম অবস্থান সংরক্ষিত. আমি নবম শ্রেণীর বিজ্ঞান গ্রুপ নেন. আমি এই যে স্কুলে প্রথম 1 ম বিভাগ ছিল মনে রাখবেন, যে 1985 সালে অনুষ্ঠিত মাধ্যমিক স্কুল সার্টিফিকেট (এসএসসি) পরীক্ষার মধ্যে প্রথম বিভাগ পেয়েছে. আমি আমার আত্মীয়-স্বজন ও আমার স্থানীয় মানুষের অন্তরে দয়া পারে. স্কুল কর্তৃপক্ষ আমাকে একটি গ্র্যান্ড অভ্যর্থনা দেওয়া. আমি সংশ্লিষ্ট সকল তাই কৃতজ্ঞ ছিল. অই !! আমি আমার জীবনের সবচেয়ে হৃদয়স্পর্শী ঘটনা সম্পর্কে লিখতে ভুলে গিয়ে, যাতে মানসিক হয়ে আছে. 1984 বৃহস্পতিবার 6:05 অপরাহ্ন 24th ফেব্রুয়ারি, আমি আমার প্রিয় বাবা হারিয়ে গেছে. আমি সবসময় আমার পিতা আমাকে এই বিশ্বের মহান হতে চেয়েছিলেন যে অন্যান্য ব্যক্তিদের সঙ্গে কথা শুনেছি. কিন্তু ভাগ্য পরিহাস সঙ্গে অভ্যর্থনা অনুষ্ঠানে, আমার পিতা যোগ দিতে পারে না যে. গণ্যমান্য অনেক আমার বাবার প্রাক্তন ছাত্র. স্মরণবেদনা, তারা অত্যন্ত আমার বাবার কথা বলেন.</div>
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এমনকি এখন, আমি গভীরভাবে আমার বাবার সুদৃশ্য স্পর্শ মনে. প্রিয় দর্শক, আজ আমি কোন লেখা নাই যে দুঃখিত. আমার কলম ব্লক. আমাকে আমার দেরী পিতা মেমরি উপর মেডিটেশন দয়া করে. বিদায়.</div>
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Amar Chand Nathhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06283439384667990150noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4884092362709763732.post-22506246712998414572012-03-10T12:27:00.001-08:002012-03-12T14:27:45.236-07:00Welcome to my Blog<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicGJa-QoP3buxpAkZBa6ZtvxNBPODPYvhy_t8NMpDC86g_HvNGAHh8sDByNHMj33D3JxKRraZQvGPOC0xiZwTcnilxAyv-rdD8eIl2aUzBHrLrZ0bCEL2HtTrxj8jbYG2c8aWbeWxhBHo/s1600/Amar+p+4.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 218px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicGJa-QoP3buxpAkZBa6ZtvxNBPODPYvhy_t8NMpDC86g_HvNGAHh8sDByNHMj33D3JxKRraZQvGPOC0xiZwTcnilxAyv-rdD8eIl2aUzBHrLrZ0bCEL2HtTrxj8jbYG2c8aWbeWxhBHo/s320/Amar+p+4.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5719125395155776418" /></a><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 100%; ">I might have been born with a view to</span><span style="font-size: 100%; "> </span><span style="font-size: 100%; ">becoming GREAT in this great World. But with the flow of adverse circumstances, I became</span><span style="font-size: 100%; "> </span><span style="font-size: 100%; ">very disappointed and frustrated. As a result, I became very small in this very great world.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 100%; ">However, I like to relate how I happened to become that “very small” creature. In this blog I have made careful effort to disclose every happening both more important and less important events than anything. These may not necessarily please or displease you. Rather they may bore you. Still I cordially invite you to go through my personal experiences of life not to be wise, not to be happy, not to be bored but to be careful not to follow me in any way. I strongly believe that this blog will help wise visitors to avoid the incoming ‘may-be’ happenings that already happened to me.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 100%; ">So, dear visitors, whether you are a sincere teacher or an intellegent student or a wise professional, please have patience for wasting a few minutes every fourth day in reading my new post. Look! I have forgotten to disclose my identity. The sweet name my beloved parents kept for me is AMAR CHAND NATH. Today I am 42 years old. I live in Bolivia, South America.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 100%; ">All the best. Have a nice tine. Thanks for visiting my blog. See you online on the fourth day.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 100%; ">Most sincerely,</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 100%; ">Amar Chand Nath</span></p>Amar Chand Nathhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06283439384667990150noreply@blogger.com0